中国林产工业产业关联与波及效应分析——基于投入产出模型的国际比较

文中基于中国、美国、俄罗斯、印度、巴西、印度尼西亚6国2000—2014年投入产出数据，通过测算中间需求率、中间投入率、感应度系数和影响力系数，对林产工业产业关联与波及效应进行动态比较分析。研究结果表明:相较于其他国家，中国木材加工业、造纸业的中间产品型产业特征明显，对国民经济贡献程度较高，但同时也面临成为“瓶颈产业”的风险；中国家具制造业的最终需求型产业性质显著，受整体经济发展的拉动作用明显弱于其他国家。总体而言，中国林产工业对国民经济的推动作用整体上高于国民经济发展对其的拉动作用。需要重点提升木材加工业、家具制造业整体产业链竞争力，加大科研创新投入力度以提升产出效率，并进一步提高家具制造业整体产品的附加值。     

美国乡村林业发展经验借鉴

在我国经济由高速增长向高质量发展转型的背景下，绿色产业发挥着不可替代的作用。而林业是我国最大的绿色产业，也是构成乡村经济的重要产业部门。文中从林业专业人才、林地管理和林权交易、资金扶持以及乡村产业多元化发展4个方面介绍美国在乡村林业发展的经验，提出促进我国乡村林业发展、推动林业产业扶贫的相关建议，以期为我国林业产业提升经济、社会和生态效益提供参考。     

食用菌菌包生产现状与发展趋势

介绍了食用菌栽培工艺流程及菌包生产国内外研究现状，指出存在的问题及改进措施，并提出食用菌工厂化生产的发展趋势。      

家装业定制家具设计与计算机集成制造系统中的问题探析

定制家具已经成为追求个性化和私密家居环境者的一个方向,但其多变性较强,在工业化生产过程中很难实现“无缝式”衔接,从而导致部分家装业定制家具的设计方案与家具产品之间产生差异。介绍了家装业定制家具的主要特征,论述了计算机集成制造家具的基本模式,具体分析了家装业定制家具设计与计算机集成制造系统中的衔接问题,有针对性地提出优化家具设计与计算机制造系统衔接的三项措施。     

Potential for mitigating atmospheric ammonia in Canada

Most ammonia (NH₃) emissions (85%) in Canada come from agricultural sources (400 kt/yr). There are international conventions that require countries to mitigate NH₃ emissions but there are no federal or provincial guidelines in Canada stipulating emission targets or best practices for agriculture. This study examines the potential for mitigating atmospheric NH₃ using a range of approaches. Taking current farm practices into account, employing proven low‐cost measures (low‐emission slurry application and slurry storage covers) would reduce annual emissions from livestock operations by 16 kt NH₃‐N, while using all available low‐cost measures would reduce emissions by 79 kt NH₃‐N or 26% of livestock emissions. Another 36 kt/yr could be avoided by improving fertilizer practices, so that the total potential reduction would be about 29% of all agricultural emissions. Emissions from beef cattle and pig production could be reduced by 18% if consumption was cut by 50%, with greater mitigation if production for export was reduced, although the economic and social consequences need to be considered. Mitigation practices must be viewed in the context of possible pollution swapping especially in surplus nitrogen situations. Emissions must also be considered in terms of atmospheric NH₃ transport to and from the USA, therefore bi‐national agreements to jointly reduce emissions might be needed. It may be more cost‐effective in Canada to strategically reduce emissions to minimize risks to health (from particulate matter) and the environment rather than to reduce annual national emission targets.     

Relationship of Icelandic cattle with Northern and Western European cattle breeds,admixture and population structure

ABSTRACT

Icelandic cattle is believed to have been brought from Norway during the settlement of Iceland around AD 870-930. Previous research on genetic relationships has indicated that Icelandic cattle is most related to northern Nordic indigenous breeds. Using single nucleotide polymorphism genotype data from Icelandic cattle and 29 Northern and Western European cattle breeds, we studied relationships and admixture among these breeds, and assessed population structure in Icelandic cattle. Population structure analysis through principal component analysis, estimation of ancestry, and analysis of patterns of population splitting and mixing revealed that Icelandic cattle are most related to three Finncattle breeds (Eastern, Northern and Western Finncattle), and Swedish Mountain cattle. Icelandic cattle has very low levels of admixture. We observed very limited population structure in Icelandic cattle. The observed structure was due to variable sire contributions. Over 1000 years of almost complete isolation has made Icelandic cattle highly genetically distinct from other cattle breeds.     

茶让生活更美好

茶作为中华民族的举国之饮,是中华传统文化的集中体现,也是彰显健康生活的民生产业。如今,中国茶在新时代的脉络中展现了蓬勃的生机与活力,迎来了发展的黄金时代。本文从茶产业、茶文化、茶科技和茶健康等角度全方位论述了中国茶的影响、地位、贡献和前景,解读茶让人民生活更美好的时代愿景。     

精准扶贫视角下食用菌产业发展现状及模式建议

食用菌产业扶贫是践行"精准扶贫"理念、解决贫困地区产业基础薄弱和贫困户收入来源单一问题的重要途径。以"精准扶贫"为视角,分析食用菌产业扶贫现状及问题,提出要精准识别食用菌产业发展基础、精准统筹产业发展资源和精准探索产业管理模式等建议,为全面提升贫困地区食用菌产业质量,拓宽产业发展路径,确保如期完成脱贫任务。     

乡村振兴战略下辽宁粮食产业高质量发展路径研究

文章分析了辽宁粮食产业发展中存在的突出问题,如生产经营模式落后、生产经营主体分散、劳动力老龄化、留守人员文化水平较低等,阐述了辽宁粮食产业高质量发展的路径与主要任务,并提出了政府引导推动、财政金融助力、科技引领支撑、龙头企业牵动等加快辽宁粮食产业高质量发展的建议,以更好地发挥粮食产业高质量发展在乡村振兴战略中的支撑引领作用.     

苹果产业社会化服务现状与发展建议

随着苹果产业劳动力、生产成本及种植模式等要素的发展变化,其社会化服务经历了从无到有、由少到多的演变过程,呈现出以龙头企业、专业合作组织、基层党组织、销售(物流)平台、互助团体或民间组织等主导型的多种供给模式共同发展的特点。对苹果社会化服务的发展背景进行了阐述,对其当前主要发展模式及特点进行了总结,并提出了发展建议。